CriticalThinkers

FET Phase · Grades 10–12

Grade 10: Critical Thinking Year Plan

Before you can judge a claim you must understand knowledge itself: what makes a belief actually knowledge, how science earns the right to be believed, and that no single tradition owns the question of how we know.

34 weekly lessons4 terms (10 + 9 + 9 + 6)34 available now

By the end of Grade 10

What your learner will be able to do.

  • Explain what distinguishes knowledge from mere opinion or lucky belief, and why justification matters.
  • Distinguish certainty from justification, and reason comfortably under honest uncertainty.
  • Evaluate a scientific claim by how it was reached — theory, evidence, falsifiability and replication — and tell science from pseudoscience.
  • Recognise that knowledge traditions exist across cultures, and engage African ways of knowing on their own terms.
  • Construct a short, well-justified account of how they know something they believe.

How a week works

The screen is the spark. The thinking happens together.

Each week is one short on-screen lesson (about ten minutes) wrapped in something no screen can do: a real conversation. Every lesson comes with a free session guide for the adult — a time-budgeted plan with discussion prompts, an activity, a “talk about it after” question, and the signs to watch for — with a version for parents at home, homeschooling families, and classrooms.

1. The on-screen spark (~10 min)

A hook, the idea, a quick check with feedback that teaches, and a written reflection.

2. The conversation (~15 min)

The heart of the lesson: the big question, talked through — at the table, on a walk, in class. Ask more than you tell.

3. Real life + the journal

Spot the idea in your own week, then capture the reflection in the Thinking Journal — the year’s proudest record.

The year, term by term

34 weeks across four South African terms.

Every grade follows the same four-term journey — looking and wondering, reasons and evidence, other eyes and hidden persuaders, then doing the right thinking — so families and teachers always know where they are. Lessons unlock one at a time.

Term 1 · 10 weeks

Looking & Wondering

Open the FET phase with the deepest question of all: what is knowledge, and how do we know we know? Epistemology as the foundation under every other skill.

Hold onto this term: Knowing is not just believing something true — it is being able to say HOW you know.

  • Week 1: Philosophy of Knowledge

    How do I KNOW what I think I know?

    MetacognitionBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 2: Belief, Truth and Justification

    When does a belief actually count as knowledge?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free
  • Week 3: When Justified True Belief Is Not Enough

    Can I be justified, and right, and still not really know?

    MetacognitionBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 4: Certainty Versus Justification

    Do I need to be certain to be justified in believing something?

    MetacognitionBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 5: How Do You Know That?

    What are the different ROUTES by which we come to know?

    ObservationBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 6: The Limits of My Own Perception

    Can I always trust what I see with my own eyes?

    ObservationBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 7: The FET Thinking Journal

    How can my journal track HOW I know, not just what I think?

    MetacognitionBloom: apply Available — start free
  • Week 8: Living Well With Uncertainty

    How do I act wisely when I cannot be certain?

    MetacognitionBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 9: A Knowledge Question Worth a Year

    Which deep question about knowing do I want to carry this year?

    ObservationBloom: understand Available — start free
  • Week 10: Looking & Wondering — Term Review

    What have I learned about the nature of knowing?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free

Term 2 · 9 weeks

Reasons & Evidence

Scientific literacy as the clearest worked example of how a community comes to know: theory, evidence, falsifiability, models and the line between science and pseudoscience.

Hold onto this term: Science is not a list of facts to memorise — it is a method for being wrong less often.

  • Week 11: What Makes Something Scientific?

    What separates a scientific claim from any other claim?

    EvidenceBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 12: Falsifiability: The Test That Could Fail

    If nothing could ever prove a claim wrong, what is it worth?

    EvidenceBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 13: Hypothesis, Theory, Law — What People Get Wrong

    Is "just a theory" really a put-down?

    EvidenceBloom: understand Available — start free
  • Week 14: Models: Useful, Not Perfect

    How can a model be wrong in detail and still be useful?

    EvidenceBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 15: Vaccines and Evidence

    How do I weigh a scary story against the actual data?

    EvidenceBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 16: Spotting Pseudoscience

    How do I tell real science from something wearing its clothes?

    Bias & FallaciesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 17: Correlation, Cause and the Real World

    When does "linked to" actually mean "causes"?

    EvidenceBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 18: How Science Self-Corrects

    Why is changing its mind a strength of science, not a weakness?

    EvidenceBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 19: Reasons & Evidence — Term Review

    How well can I now judge a scientific claim?

    MetacognitionBloom: evaluate Available — start free

Term 3 · 9 weeks

Other Eyes & Hidden Persuaders

Widen the frame: knowledge traditions across cultures and African ways of knowing, then the spin that dresses interest as science — with climate communication as the worked case.

Hold onto this term: No single tradition owns the question of how we know — and powerful interests will always dress their case as "the science".

  • Week 20: African Philosophy of Knowledge

    How have African traditions understood what it means to know?

    PerspectivesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 21: Indigenous Knowledge and Modern Science

    Can indigenous knowledge and modern science both be right?

    PerspectivesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 22: Standpoint: Where You Stand Shapes What You See

    Does WHO is asking change what counts as knowledge?

    PerspectivesBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 23: Whose Knowledge Got Written Down?

    Why is some knowledge recorded and other knowledge erased?

    PerspectivesBloom: analyse Available — start free
  • Week 24: Climate Facts vs. Climate Spin

    How do I tell the climate science from the climate spin?

    Bias & FallaciesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 25: Manufactured Doubt

    How is "doubt" deliberately created when the evidence is clear?

    Bias & FallaciesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 26: The False-Balance Trap

    Is "both sides" always fair — or sometimes misleading?

    Bias & FallaciesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 27: Disagreeing About Knowledge, Respectfully

    Can I take another tradition seriously and still reason critically?

    PerspectivesBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 28: Other Eyes & Persuaders — Term Review

    How has this term widened how I think about knowing?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free

Term 4 · 6 weeks

Doing the Right Thinking

Put epistemology to work: build and defend a genuine knowledge claim of your own, reason about the ethics of knowing and not-knowing, and reflect on the opening year of FET.

Hold onto this term: Knowing carries a duty: to seek good evidence, to admit what you do not know, and to tell others honestly.

  • Week 29: Building a Justified Claim

    Can I make a claim of my own and properly justify how I know it?

    ReasoningBloom: create Available — start free
  • Week 30: The Ethics of Belief

    Is it wrong to believe something on bad evidence?

    Ethics & CivicsBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 31: The Courage to Say "I Don't Know"

    Why is admitting ignorance a strength, not a defeat?

    Ethics & CivicsBloom: evaluate Available — start free
  • Week 32: My Knowledge Question, Revisited

    What have I learned about the question I chose in Week 9?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free
  • Week 33: A Year of Thinking About Thinking

    How has studying knowledge itself changed how I think?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free
  • Week 34: Into Grade 11 — Review & Celebration

    How do I carry "how do we know?" into questions of society and power?

    MetacognitionBloom: understand Available — start free

Take it further — on paper

The whole year, in a book you can hold.

Every lesson on this page is free online, forever. For families and classrooms who love working away from screens, Grade 10’s year is also available as an optional printed handbook — the same journey, bound as a book to read, write in and keep.

The printed handbook is a separate, optional purchase. It never unlocks or gates anything — the full course stays free online.

Start Grade 10free.

Create a free account, and your learner begins with the first lesson — the next unlocks as they go. Built for homes, classrooms and homeschooling families.